All about Melasma

Melasma is a common pigmentation disorder of the skin that causes brown and grey patches on the skin and most primarily on the face, this condition is characterized by dark discolored patches on the skin. 

This condition is also called chloasma or the mask of pregnancy, whenever it occurs in women who are pregnant. Melasma generally happens due to the overproduction of the cells that are responsible to provide color and tone to the skin. 

The most common site of melasma on the face are:-

  • The forehead
  • Upper lips
  • Cheeks
  • Bridge of nose

Melasma can also happen to other areas of the body, this generally occurs on the parts which are more exposed to the sun like
  • Forearms
  • Neck
  • Shoulders
Generally, women are more prone to get diagnosed with melasma as compared to men.

Symptoms of melasma:-

Melasma generally causes patches of discoloration these patches are darker than usual skin color, These patches typically occur on the face and these are symmetrical with marks on both sides of the face, the brown color patches usually appear on the part of cheeks, forehead,  chin, and nose. Also, this can be present on the neck and arms these discoloration patches do not cause any physical harm but can make you feel self-conscious about how they look. Discolored Patches of the skin are the most primary symptom of melasma.

Causes of melasma:-

There are two main causes of melasma radiations and hormones. Ultraviolet radiations and infrared radiation from the Sun can make the condition worse, other most common and possible causes of melasma are:-
  • Contraceptive therapy (birth control)- Females that use oral contraceptive pills melasma are most commonly observed to be affected by the oral contraceptive pills that are high in estrogen and progesterone. 
  • Estrogen/Diethylstilbestrol- these are a synthetic form of hormone estrogen these are generally used in the treatment of prostate cancer, there is a pattern between increased estrogen and melasma.
  • Genetics- about 40% of the people with melasma have reported a past history of it in the family, the majority of the twins have melasma.
  • Antiseizure medication- anti-seizure medications drugs that prevent seizures can cause melasma, an example of anti-seizure medication is clobazam.
  • Pregnancy- it is also called The Mask Of pregnancy which happens to pregnant women, this is linked with the increasing level of estrogen and progesterone and the melanocyte-stimulating hormone plays a major role.
  • Chemical cosmetic- there are many chemical cosmetics that can cause phototoxic reactions which can lead to melasma.
  • Soaps and skincare products- some shops and skincare products can irritate the skin in several ways which can lead to melasma.
Diagnosis:-

Generally, the diagnosis is done by a visual examination of the affected area, to specify the causes there is also some special test that is performed, one testing technique is wood's lamp examination, in this technique, special kind of light is held up on the skin which is done to check bacterial and fungal infection and to determine the affected layers of the skin, a biopsy can also be done to check any serious skin conditions.

Prevention:-

If the melasma is due to genetics regrettably it is unable to prevent but there may be several factors that can help you to avoid making it worse, use proper diet, exercise daily, the proper amount of vitamin D, avoid chemical products, and direct sunlight on face, proper skincare. These are some of the most common preventive steps which can help U to control and make it worse.

Living up with Melasma:-

Living with melasma is not that tough, you just have to make sure that it doesn't get worse, some of the common tips for living with Melasma are-
  • Taking prescribed medications on time
  • Applying the proper ointment prescribed by the doctor
  • Using proper sunscreen every day with SPF 30
  • Covering the head and the face to avoid direct sunlight exposure
  • Using proper protective techniques to cover yourself is the most important preventive measure.
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